What Are Supply Teachers Called in America? 🇺🇸 (2024)

If you’ve ever wondered what the British “supply teacher” is called across the pond, you’re in the right place! Spoiler alert: the term you’re looking for is not “supply teacher” in the U.S. In fact, the American education system has its own colorful vocabulary for these classroom superheroes who step in when the regular teacher is out. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg.

Did you know that the average American student spends about a full year of their K-12 education under the guidance of substitute teachers? That’s a staggering fact that highlights just how vital these educators are. From regional slang to the evolving roles of substitutes, and even the essential gear every guest teacher needs, this article unpacks everything you need to know about what supply teachers are called in America — and why it matters more than you think.

Curious about the different types of substitute roles or how the ongoing teacher shortage is reshaping the profession? Stick around — we’ve got all that and more, plus expert tips from the Teacher Supply Store™ team to help you navigate this fascinating world.

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Key Takeaways

• In America, “supply teachers” are called “substitute teachers” or simply “subs.”
• Regional variations include “guest teacher,” “per diem teacher,” and “long-term sub.”
• Substitute roles range from day-to-day fill-ins to specialized SPED and virtual substitutes.
• The teacher shortage crisis in 2024 has elevated the importance and pay of substitutes.
• Every sub needs a well-stocked “Sub Tub” with lesson plans, attention-getters, and reward stickers.

Ready to dive deeper? Keep reading to discover the full story behind America’s substitute teachers and how you can become a classroom hero yourself!

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Table of Contents

• ⚡️ Quick Tips and Facts
• 🕰️ From “Babysitters” to “Guest Teachers”: The Evolution of the American Sub
• 🇺🇸 What Are Supply Teachers Called in America? The Big Reveal
• 🗺️ Regional Slang and Professional Titles Across the 50 States
• 🎓 7 Types of Substitute Teaching Roles You Need to Know
• 🎒 The “Sub Tub” Essentials: Gear Every American Guest Teacher Needs
• 📈 Navigating the Teacher Supply and Demand Crisis in 2024
• 🏆 Editors’ Picks: Top Resources for Classroom Heroes
• 📢 Share the Knowledge: How to Republish This Guide
• 🍎 Conclusion
• 🔗 Recommended Links
• ❓ FAQ: Everything You Ever Wanted to Ask a Sub
• 📚 Reference Links

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⚡️ Quick Tips and Facts

Before we dive into the linguistic gymnastics of international education, here’s a “cheat sheet” for the busy educator on the go! 🏃 ♀️🍎

• The Primary Term: In the United States, “supply teachers” are almost exclusively called Substitute Teachers.
• The Nickname: Most people just call them “Subs.”
• The Fancy Version: Many school districts have rebranded the role to “Guest Teacher” to encourage more respect from students.
• The Impact: On average, a student will spend one full year of their K-12 education being taught by a substitute. That’s a lot of “Where is your regular teacher?” questions!
• The Requirements: These vary wildly by state. Some require a full teaching license, while others only require a high school diploma and a clean background check.
• The Agencies: Many U.S. schools use third-party staffing agencies like Kelly Education or Swing Education to fill their daily needs.

Feature	United Kingdom	United States
Common Name	Supply Teacher	Substitute Teacher
Shortened Form	Supply	Sub
Formal Title	Relief Teacher	Guest Teacher / Per Diem Teacher
Agency Type	Supply Agency	Staffing Agency / Sub Service

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🕰️ From “Babysitters” to “Guest Teachers”: The Evolution of the American Sub

Ever wonder how we got here? In the early days of American one-room schoolhouses, if the teacher got the “vapors” or had to tend to the harvest, the school simply closed. There was no “on-call” list of heroes ready to jump in.

As the U.S. education system formalized in the mid-20th century, the Substitute Teacher became a permanent fixture. However, for decades, they were often unfairly viewed as “glorified babysitters” whose primary job was to make sure the building didn’t burn down while the “real” teacher was away.

We’ve seen a massive shift lately! With the rise of professional standards and the teacher shortage crisis, the role has been elevated. Today, the “Guest Teacher” is expected to deliver high-quality instruction, manage complex classroom dynamics, and navigate digital platforms like Google Classroom or Canvas. It’s not just about popping in a DVD anymore (mostly because DVD players don’t exist in schools anymore—hello, YouTube!).

---

🇺🇸 What Are Supply Teachers Called in America? The Big Reveal

If you walk into a school in London and ask for the “Substitute,” they’ll know what you mean, but you’ll sound like you’ve watched too many American teen movies. Conversely, if you walk into a school in Chicago and ask for the “Supply Teacher,” you might be directed to the closet where the pencils and paper are kept! ✏️📦

In America, the term is Substitute Teacher.

Why the difference? It comes down to the “supply and demand” terminology used in the UK and Commonwealth countries (like Australia and New Zealand, where they are often called Relief Teachers). In the U.S., the focus is on the act of substitution—one person standing in for another.

Key takeaway: If you are looking for work in the States, search for “Substitute Teaching positions,” not “Supply Teaching.”

---

🗺️ Regional Slang and Professional Titles Across the 50 States

While “Substitute” is the king of terms, America is a big place with a lot of regional quirks. Depending on where you are, you might hear:

1. Guest Teacher: Very popular in Florida and California. It sounds more welcoming and implies the person is an invited professional. ✅
2. Per Diem Teacher: Common in New York and the Northeast. This is a Latin-based HR term meaning “by the day.” 💼
3. Casual Teacher: You might hear this in some private or charter school circles, though it’s much more common in Australia.
4. Occasional Teacher: Mostly used by our neighbors to the North in Canada, but it occasionally (pun intended!) bleeds into border states like Michigan or Vermont.
5. Long-Term Sub: This refers to a substitute who takes over a classroom for weeks or months (e.g., for a maternity leave).

---

🎓 7 Types of Substitute Teaching Roles You Need to Know

The competing article “A Coming Crisis in Teaching? Teacher Supply, Demand, and …” mentions the struggle to find staff. To beat that insight, we’ve broken down the seven specific roles you’ll encounter in the American system:

1. Day-to-Day Substitute: The classic “on-call” hero. You get a text at 6:00 AM, and you’re in a classroom by 8:00 AM.
2. Long-Term Substitute: You are the “acting” teacher. You do the grading, the lesson planning, and the parent-teacher conferences.
3. Building Substitute (Resident Sub): You report to the same school every single day. If Teacher A is out, you go there. If everyone is present, you help in the office or library.
4. Permanent Substitute: Similar to a building sub, but often hired through the district office to cover high-need areas.
5. Emergency Substitute: In states with severe shortages, these are individuals who may not have a teaching degree but are cleared to supervise students during a crisis.
6. Special Education (SPED) Substitute: A specialized role requiring extra patience and often a different set of certifications to work with students with disabilities.
7. Virtual Substitute: A post-pandemic phenomenon! You log into a Zoom or Teams meeting to facilitate a class while the teacher is remote or absent.

---

🎒 The “Sub Tub” Essentials: Gear Every American Guest Teacher Needs

You can’t just walk into a room of 30 eighth-graders with nothing but a smile. You need a “Sub Tub” or a “Go-Bag.” We recommend these tried-and-true tools:

• The “Emergency” Lesson Plan: Always have a “no-tech” backup. We love the Scholastic Success with Workbooks for quick fillers.
• Whistle or Attention Getter: Don’t yell! Use a Learning Resources Answer Buzzer or a simple wireless doorbell to get their attention.
• Reward Stickers: Never underestimate the power of a sticker, even for high schoolers (they pretend to hate them, but they don’t). Trend Enterprises Scratch ‘n Sniff Stickers are the gold standard. ✅
• A High-Quality Planner: Keep track of which schools have the best coffee and the nicest students. The Erin Condren Teacher Lesson Planner is a cult favorite.

---

📈 Navigating the Teacher Supply and Demand Crisis in 2024

Is there a crisis? Absolutely. According to the Economic Policy Institute, the teacher shortage is real and growing. This has created a “Golden Age” for substitute teachers in America.

The Reality Check:

• Pay is rising: Many districts have doubled their daily rates to attract talent.
• Lower Barriers: Some states have temporarily waived the requirement for a Bachelor’s degree to fill the gaps. ❌ (This is controversial, as it impacts instructional quality).
• Flexibility: With apps like Swing Education, you can pick up shifts like you’re driving for Uber.

We believe that while the shortage is a challenge for schools, it offers a unique opportunity for retired professionals, stay-at-home parents, and aspiring teachers to gain experience and make a difference.

---

🏆 Editors’ Picks: Top Resources for Classroom Heroes

We’ve scoured the web and our own supply closets to bring you the best of the best:

1. Best Resource Site: Teachers Pay Teachers (TpT). Search for “Substitute Emergency Plans”—it will save your life.
2. Best Community: The r/SubstituteTeachers subreddit. It’s a great place to vent and share tips.
3. Best Training: STEDI.org. They offer a “Substitute Teaching Certificate” that makes your resume shine.
4. Best Classroom Management Book: The First Days of School by Harry Wong. It’s the Bible for educators. Find it on Amazon here.

---

📢 Share the Knowledge: How to Republish This Guide

We love sharing! If you’d like to republish this article on your school district blog or educational site, please follow these guidelines:

• Credit the Source: Attribute the article to “Teacher Supply Store™.”
• Link Back: Provide a live link to the original post.
• No Edits: Please keep our witty tone intact—it’s what makes us special! 💅

---

🍎 Conclusion

So, what are supply teachers called in America? Whether you call them Substitute Teachers, Guest Teachers, or The Person Who Saved the Day, they are the backbone of the American education system.

While the terminology differs across the pond, the mission remains the same: keeping students safe, engaged, and learning—even when the “regular” teacher is out. Have you ever subbed in a different country? Or perhaps you’ve had a “Guest Teacher” experience that changed your life?

Remember, the next time you see a “Sub” in the hallway, give them a smile. They’re navigating a new world every single day! 🌍✨

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🔗 Recommended Links

• National Substitute Teacher Alliance
• EdWeek: Teacher Shortage News
• Kelly Education Staffing Solutions
• NEA: Substitute Educators Resources

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❓ FAQ: Everything You Ever Wanted to Ask a Sub

Q: Do I need a teaching license to be a substitute in the U.S.? A: It depends on the state! In Massachusetts, you usually need a degree. In some parts of Arizona, you might just need a background check and a high school diploma. Always check the specific school district’s website.

Q: How much do substitutes get paid? A: Rates vary by district and state. Urban districts or those with high needs typically pay more. Long-term assignments also usually command a higher daily rate.

Q: Can I choose which subjects I teach? A: Mostly, yes! Most sub-booking systems (like Frontline or SmartFindExpress) allow you to filter by grade level and subject. If you hate Algebra, you never have to touch a calculator! 🧮❌

Q: Is “Supply Teacher” ever used in the U.S.? A: Almost never. If you use it, people will likely think you are talking about the person who delivers the boxes of paper and pens.

---

📚 Reference Links

• Economic Policy Institute: The Teacher Shortage
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook for Teachers
• STEDI: Substitute Teacher Training Institute

---

⚡️ Quick Tips and Facts

Before we dive into the linguistic gymnastics of international education, here’s a “cheat sheet” for the busy educator on the go! 🏃 ♀️🍎

• The Primary Term: In the United States, “supply teachers” are almost exclusively called Substitute Teachers.
• The Nickname: Most people just call them “Subs.”
• The Fancy Version: Many school districts have rebranded the role to “Guest Teacher” to encourage more respect from students.
• The Impact: On average, a student will spend one full year of their K-12 education being taught by a substitute. That’s a lot of “Where is your regular teacher?” questions!
• The Requirements: These vary wildly by state. Some require a full teaching license, while others only require a high school diploma and a clean background check.
• The Agencies: Many U.S. schools use third-party staffing agencies like Kelly Education or Swing Education to fill their daily needs.

Feature	United Kingdom	United States
Common Name	Supply Teacher	Substitute Teacher
Shortened Form	Supply	Sub
Formal Title	Relief Teacher	Guest Teacher / Per Diem Teacher
Agency Type	Supply Agency	Staffing Agency / Sub Service

---

🕰️ From “Babysitters” to “Guest Teachers”: The Evolution of the American Sub

Ever wonder how we got here? In the early days of American one-room schoolhouses, if the teacher got the “vapors” or had to tend to the harvest, the school simply closed. There was no “on-call” list of heroes ready to jump in.

As the U.S. education system formalized in the mid-20th century, the Substitute Teacher became a permanent fixture. However, for decades, they were often unfairly viewed as “glorified babysitters” whose primary job was to make sure the building didn’t burn down while the “real” teacher was away.

We’ve seen a massive shift lately! With the rise of professional standards and the teacher shortage crisis, the role has been elevated. Today, the “Guest Teacher” is expected to deliver high-quality instruction, manage complex classroom dynamics, and navigate digital platforms like Google Classroom or Canvas. It’s not just about popping in a DVD anymore (mostly because DVD players don’t exist in schools anymore—hello, YouTube!).

---

🇺🇸 What Are Supply Teachers Called in America? The Big Reveal

If you walk into a school in London and ask for the “Substitute,” they’ll know what you mean, but you’ll sound like you’ve watched too many American teen movies. Conversely, if you walk into a school in Chicago and ask for the “Supply Teacher,” you might be directed to the closet where the pencils and paper are kept! ✏️📦

In America, the term is Substitute Teacher.

Why the difference? It comes down to the “supply and demand” terminology used in the UK and Commonwealth countries (like Australia and New Zealand, where they are often called Relief Teachers). In the U.S., the focus is on the act of substitution—one person standing in for another.

Key takeaway: If you are looking for work in the States, search for “Substitute Teaching positions,” not “Supply Teaching.”

---

🗺️ Regional Slang and Professional Titles Across the 50 States

While “Substitute” is the king of terms, America is a big place with a lot of regional quirks. Depending on where you are, you might hear:

1. Guest Teacher: Very popular in Florida and California. It sounds more welcoming and implies the person is an invited professional. ✅
2. Per Diem Teacher: Common in New York and the Northeast. This is a Latin-based HR term meaning “by the day.” 💼
3. Casual Teacher: You might hear this in some private or charter school circles, though it’s much more common in Australia.
4. Occasional Teacher: Mostly used by our neighbors to the North in Canada, but it occasionally (pun intended!) bleeds into border states like Michigan or Vermont.
5. Long-Term Sub: This refers to a substitute who takes over a classroom for weeks or months (e.g., for a maternity leave).

---

🎓 7 Types of Substitute Teaching Roles You Need to Know

The competing article “A Coming Crisis in Teaching? Teacher Supply, Demand, and …” mentions the struggle to find staff. To beat that insight, we’ve broken down the seven specific roles you’ll encounter in the American system:

1. Day-to-Day Substitute: The classic “on-call” hero. You get a text at 6:00 AM, and you’re in a classroom by 8:00 AM.
2. Long-Term Substitute: You are the “acting” teacher. You do the grading, the lesson planning, and the parent-teacher conferences.
3. Building Substitute (Resident Sub): You report to the same school every single day. If Teacher A is out, you go there. If everyone is present, you help in the office or library.
4. Permanent Substitute: Similar to a building sub, but often hired through the district office to cover high-need areas.
5. Emergency Substitute: In states with severe shortages, these are individuals who may not have a teaching degree but are cleared to supervise students during a crisis.
6. Special Education (SPED) Substitute: A specialized role requiring extra patience and often a different set of certifications to work with students with disabilities.
7. Virtual Substitute: A post-pandemic phenomenon! You log into a Zoom or Teams meeting to facilitate a class while the teacher is remote or absent.

---

🎒 The “Sub Tub” Essentials: Gear Every American Guest Teacher Needs

You can’t just walk into a room of 30 eighth-graders with nothing but a smile. You need a “Sub Tub” or a “Go-Bag.” We recommend these tried-and-true tools:

• The “Emergency” Lesson Plan: Always have a “no-tech” backup. We love the Scholastic Success with Workbooks for quick fillers.
• Whistle or Attention Getter: Don’t yell! Use a Learning Resources Answer Buzzer or a simple wireless doorbell to get their attention.
• Reward Stickers: Never underestimate the power of a sticker, even for high schoolers (they pretend to hate them, but they don’t). Trend Enterprises Scratch ‘n Sniff Stickers are the gold standard. ✅
• A High-Quality Planner: Keep track of which schools have the best coffee and the nicest students. The Erin Condren Teacher Lesson Planner is a cult favorite.

---

📈 Navigating the Teacher Supply and Demand Crisis in 2024

Is there a crisis? Absolutely. According to the Economic Policy Institute, the teacher shortage is real and growing. This has created a “Golden Age” for substitute teachers in America.

The Reality Check:

• Pay is rising: Many districts have doubled their daily rates to attract talent.
• Lower Barriers: Some states have temporarily waived the requirement for a Bachelor’s degree to fill the gaps. ❌ (This is controversial, as it impacts instructional quality).
• Flexibility: With apps like Swing Education, you can pick up shifts like you’re driving for Uber.

We believe that while the shortage is a challenge for schools, it offers a unique opportunity for retired professionals, stay-at-home parents, and aspiring teachers to gain experience and make a difference.

---

🏆 Editors’ Picks: Top Resources for Classroom Heroes

We’ve scoured the web and our own supply closets to bring you the best of the best:

1. Best Resource Site: Teachers Pay Teachers (TpT). Search for “Substitute Emergency Plans”—it will save your life.
2. Best Community: The r/SubstituteTeachers subreddit. It’s a great place to vent and share tips.
3. Best Training: STEDI.org. They offer a “Substitute Teaching Certificate” that makes your resume shine.
4. Best Classroom Management Book: The First Days of School by Harry Wong. It’s the Bible for educators. Find it on Amazon here.

---

📢 Share the Knowledge: How to Republish This Guide

We love sharing! If you’d like to republish this article on your school district blog or educational site, please follow these guidelines:

• Credit the Source: Attribute the article to “Teacher Supply Store™.”
• Link Back: Provide a live link to the original post.
• No Edits: Please keep our witty tone intact—it’s what makes us special! 💅

🍎 Conclusion

So, what are supply teachers called in America? The answer is clear and consistent across the vast educational landscape: they are Substitute Teachers, affectionately known as “Subs” or sometimes formally as Guest Teachers or Per Diem Teachers depending on the region or district preferences. This terminology reflects not only a linguistic difference but also a cultural and operational approach to the role in American schools.

Throughout this article, we’ve unpacked the rich history of substitute teaching, the variety of roles subs can play—from day-to-day fill-ins to long-term classroom leaders—and the essential gear every substitute should carry in their “Sub Tub.” We’ve also delved into the ongoing teacher shortage crisis, which has elevated the importance and visibility of substitute teachers in 2024 and beyond.

Why does this matter? Because substitutes are more than just placeholders; they are vital educators who ensure continuity of learning, classroom management, and student safety when regular teachers are absent. They often navigate challenging environments with minimal preparation and support, yet their impact on student achievement can be significant.

If you’re considering stepping into this role or hiring substitutes, remember that terminology is just the beginning. Understanding the nuances of the job, the expectations, and the resources available will empower you to succeed. And if you’re a substitute teacher, gear up with the right supplies, embrace the diversity of your roles, and know that you are a cornerstone of American education.

Ready to become a classroom hero? Keep your “Sub Tub” stocked, stay curious, and never underestimate the power of a well-timed sticker or a calm, confident presence in the classroom. Your students—and their regular teachers—will thank you.

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🔗 Recommended Links

Looking to gear up or deepen your substitute teaching toolkit? Here are some of our top picks, complete with trusted shopping links:

• Scholastic Success with Workbooks (Grades K-5):
  Amazon | Walmart

• Learning Resources Answer Buzzer (Attention Getter):
  Amazon | Walmart

• Trend Enterprises Scratch ‘n Sniff Stickers:
  Amazon | Walmart

• Erin Condren Teacher Lesson Planner:
  Amazon | Erin Condren Official Website

• The First Days of School by Harry Wong:
  Amazon

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❓ FAQ: Everything You Ever Wanted to Ask a Sub

How can teachers prepare learning materials for substitute teachers?

Teachers can make a substitute’s day much smoother by preparing clear, concise lesson plans that include:

• Daily schedule: Times for each subject/activity.
• Lesson objectives: What students should learn.
• Detailed instructions: Step-by-step activities, including worksheets or digital links.
• Classroom management tips: Behavior expectations, seating charts, and emergency procedures.
• Contact info: How to reach the main office or a neighboring teacher for help.

Providing both digital and paper copies ensures substitutes can adapt to technology glitches or lack of access. Using platforms like Google Classroom or Teachers Pay Teachers for ready-made sub plans can save time and improve quality.

What materials do substitute teachers typically use in the classroom?

Substitute teachers rely on:

• Emergency lesson plans: Pre-prepared activities for unexpected absences.
• Classroom supplies: Pencils, paper, whiteboard markers, and timers.
• Attention-getters: Tools like buzzers or hand signals to manage behavior.
• Reward systems: Stickers or small prizes to motivate students.
• Technology: Laptops or tablets to access digital lesson plans or communicate with staff.

Having a well-stocked “Sub Tub” with these essentials is a game-changer, especially when the regular teacher’s materials are unavailable.

How do supply teachers find work in American schools?

Supply teachers (subs) find work through several channels:

• School district substitute pools: Most districts maintain a list of approved substitutes.
• Third-party staffing agencies: Companies like Kelly Education and Swing Education connect substitutes with schools.
• Online platforms: Apps and websites allow subs to pick shifts based on availability.
• Networking: Word of mouth and local education job fairs.

Each district has its own hiring process, often requiring background checks and sometimes a teaching credential or substitute permit.

What qualifications do substitute teachers need in America?

Qualifications vary widely by state and district:

• Minimum: Many states require at least a high school diploma or GED.
• Preferred: A bachelor’s degree is often preferred or required, especially for long-term assignments.
• Certification: Some states issue substitute teaching permits or licenses.
• Background checks: Mandatory in all states.
• Training: Optional or required professional development courses (e.g., classroom management).

For example, New York requires a substitute teaching license, while Arizona allows substitutes with a high school diploma under emergency provisions.

Are supply teachers called substitutes in the US?

✅ Yes! In the U.S., the term “substitute teacher” is the standard and most widely recognized term for what other countries call “supply teachers.” The shortened form “sub” is also common in everyday speech.

How do substitute teachers differ from supply teachers?

In American English, there is no difference—the role is the same. The term “supply teacher” is primarily used in the UK, Australia, and other Commonwealth countries, whereas in the U.S., the term “substitute teacher” is used exclusively.

What is the American term for supply teachers?

The American term is “substitute teacher.” Sometimes, districts use “guest teacher” or “per diem teacher” to elevate the role’s professionalism.

How can schools and supply teachers work together to ensure continuity of learning and access to necessary supplies and materials?

Collaboration is key:

• Clear communication: Teachers leave detailed lesson plans and classroom management notes.
• Accessible resources: Schools maintain a well-stocked substitute supply cabinet or digital resource hub.
• Training: Schools offer orientation or professional development for substitutes.
• Feedback loops: Substitutes provide feedback on lesson plan clarity and student behavior.
• Technology: Use of platforms like Google Classroom ensures substitutes can access up-to-date materials.

This partnership reduces learning loss and helps maintain classroom order.

What qualifications and training are required to become a supply teacher in the United States?

Qualifications depend on state law and district policy:

• Education: Minimum high school diploma, often a bachelor’s degree.
• Certification: Substitute teaching permits/licenses may be required.
• Background check: Mandatory fingerprinting and criminal history review.
• Training: Some districts require or recommend training in classroom management, child protection, and emergency procedures.

Organizations like STEDI offer certification programs that enhance employability.

How do supply teachers contribute to the learning environment in American schools?

Supply teachers:

• Ensure instructional continuity: They deliver planned lessons to keep students on track.
• Maintain classroom management: They uphold discipline and safety.
• Support diverse learners: Especially when trained in special education or ESL.
• Provide flexibility: They allow regular teachers to take leave without disrupting learning.
• Bring fresh perspectives: Their varied experiences can enrich classroom dynamics.

Despite challenges, substitutes are essential to the education ecosystem.

What is the role of a supply teacher in the US education system?

The supply teacher, or substitute teacher, acts as a temporary educator who fills in for absent teachers, ensuring that students continue to receive instruction and supervision. Their responsibilities include:

• Following lesson plans.
• Managing classroom behavior.
• Administering assessments if required.
• Communicating with school staff about any issues.
• Adapting to different grade levels and subjects on short notice.

They are the unsung heroes who keep schools running smoothly day-to-day.

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📚 Reference Links

• Economic Policy Institute: The Teacher Shortage Is Real and Growing
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook for Teachers
• STEDI: Substitute Teacher Training Institute
• Kelly Education Staffing Solutions
• Swing Education
• Teachers Pay Teachers
• Learning Policy Institute: A Coming Crisis in Teaching? Teacher Supply, Demand, and Shortages in the U.S.
• National Substitute Teacher Alliance
• Education Week Research Center